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The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG)in the fractional quantum Hall regime is studied as a function of theseparation $d$ between the electron and valence hole layers. The abrupt changein the response of the 2DEG to the optically injected hole at $d$ of the orderof the magnetic length $\lambda$ results in a complete reconstruction of the PLspectrum. At $d<\lambda$, the hole binds one or two electrons to form neutral($X$) or charged ($X^-$) excitons, and the PL spectrum probes the lifetimes andbinding energies of these states rather than the original correlations of the2DEG. At $d>2\lambda$, depending on the filling factor $\nu$, the hole eitherdecouples from the 2DEG to form an ``uncorrelated'' state $h$ or binds one ortwo Laughlin quasielectrons (QE) to form fractionally charged excitons $h$QE or$h$QE$_2$. The strict optical selection rules for bound states are formulated,and the only optically active ones turn out to be $h$, $h$QE* (an excited stateof the dark $h$QE), and $h$QE$_2$. The ``anyon exciton'' $h$QE$_3$ suggested inearlier studies is neither stable nor radiative at any value of $d$. Thecritical dependence of the stability of different states on the presence ofQE's in the 2DEG explains the observed anomalies in the PL spectrum at$\nu={1\over3}$ and ${2\over3}$.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR

Photoluminescence from fractional quantum Hall systems: Role of separation between electron and hole layers