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We report an x-ray scattering study of the microscopic structure of thesurface of a liquid alkali metal. The bulk liquid structure factor of theeutectic K67Na33 alloy is characteristic of an ideal mixture, and so shares theproperties of an elemental liquid alkali metal. Analysis of off-speculardiffuse scattering and specular x-ray reflectivity shows that the surfaceroughness of the K-Na alloy follows simple capillary wave behavior with asurface structure factor indicative of surface induced layering. Comparison ofthelow-angle tail of the K67Na33 surface structure factor with the one measuredfor liquid Ga and In previously suggests that layering is less pronounced inalkali metals. Controlled exposure of the liquid to H2 and O2 gas does notaffect the surface structure, indicating that oxide and hydride are not stableat the liquid surface under these experimental conditions.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, published in Phys. Rev.

Microscopic surface structure of liquid alkali metals