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The one-dimensional t-J model is investigated by the variational Monte Carlomethod. A variational wave function based on the Bethe ansatz solution is newlyproposed, where the spin-charge separation is realized, and a long-rangecorrelation factor of Jastrow-type is included. In most regions of the phasediagram, this wave function provides an excellent description of theground-state properties characterized as a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid; Both ofthe amplitude and exponent of correlation functions are correctly reproduced.For the spin-gap phase, another trial state of correlated singlet pairs with aJastrow factor is introduced. This wave function shows generalized Luther-Emeryliquid behavior, exhibiting enhanced superconducting correlations andexponential decay of the spin correlation function. Using these two variationalwave functions, the whole phase diagram is determined. In addition, relationsbetween the correlation exponent and variational parameters in the trialfunctions are derived.Comment: REVTeX 3.0, 27 pages. 7 figures available upon request  (koba@cc.it-chiba.ac.jp). To be published in Phys. Rev. B 5

Variational state based on the Bethe-ansatz solution and a correlated singlet liquid state in the one-dimensionalt-Jmodel