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We study charge transport in voltage-biased single-channel junctionsinvolving helical superconductors with finite Cooper pair momentum. For aJosephson junction, the equilibrium current-phase relation shows asuperconducting diode effect: the critical current depends on the propagationdirection. We formulate a scattering theory for voltage-biased Josephson diodesand show that multiple Andreev reflection processes cause a rich subharmonicstructure in the DC current-voltage curve at low temperatures and smallvoltages due to Doppler shifts of the spectral gap. In the current-biased case,the diode efficiency has maximal rectification efficiency $\eta_0\approx 0.4$for this model. In the voltage-biased case, however, the rectificationefficiency can reach the ideal value $\eta=1$. We also discuss charge transportfor NS junctions between a normal metal and a helical superconductor andcomment on related models with spin-orbit interactions and magnetic Zeemanfields.

Nonreciprocal charge transport and subharmonic structure in voltage-biased Josephson diodes