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External-field driven energy-level discretization, such as Landauquantization or Stark localization, is one of the most intriguing phenomena inquantum systems. We investigate the emergence of the Wannier-Stark laddercoming from the particle-hole continuum and the Stark shifts of the excitonlevels in one-dimensional Mott insulators under the dc electric field. Thediscretized peak structure in the optical-conductivity spectra newly appears byapplying the dc electric field, and the positions of these peaks can bereproduced from the energy levels of a simple effective model in thestrong-coupling regime. Our results not only suggest that Mott insulators canserve as a viable platform for Stark discretization, but also pave the way forinvestigations of dynamical properties in correlated many-body systems under adc electric field.

Wannier-Stark ladders and Stark shifts of excitons in Mott insulators