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Magnon diffuse scattering (MDS) signals could be studied with high spatialresolution in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), thanks torecent technological progress in electron energy loss spectroscopy. However,detecting MDS signals in STEM is challenging due to their overlap with strongerthermal diffuse scattering (TDS) signals. In bcc Fe at 300 K, MDS signalsgreater than or comparable to TDS signals occur under the central Bragg disk,into a currently inaccesible energy-loss region. Therefore, to detect MDS inSTEM, it is necessary to find conditions in which TDS and MDS signals can beseparated. Temperature may be a key factor due to the distinct thermalsignatures of magnon and phonon signals. In this work, we present a study onthe effects of temperature on MDS and TDS in bcc Fe -- considering a detectoroutside the central Bragg disk and a fixed convergent electron probe -- usingthe frozen phonon and frozen magnon multislice methods. Our study reveals thatneglecting the effects of atomic vibrations causes the MDS signal to growapproximately linearly up to the Curie temperature of Fe, after which itexhibits less variation. The MDS signal displays an alternating behavior due todynamical diffraction, instead of increasing monotonically as a function ofthickness. Including the effects of atomic vibrations through a complex atomicelectrostatic potential causes the linear growth of the MDS signal to change toa non-linear behavior that exhibits a predominant peak for a sample ofthickness 16.072 nm at 1100 K. In contrast, the TDS signal grows more linearlythan the MDS signal but still exhibits appreciable dynamical diffractioneffects. An analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) shows that the MDSsignal can be a statistically significant contribution to the total scatteringintensity under realizable measurement conditions and acquisition times.

Unveiling the impact of temperature on magnon diffuse scattering detection in the transmission electron microscope