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We applied single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy in adiamond anvil cell up to 36 GPa and first principles theoretical calculationsto study the molecular dissociation of solid iodine at high pressure. Unlikepreviously reported, we find that the familiar Cmce molecular phase transformsto a Cmc21 molecular structure at 16 GPa, and then to an incommensuratedynamically disordered Fmmm(00{\gamma})s00 structure at 20 GPa, which can beviewed as a stepwise formation of polymeric zigzag chains of three iodine atomsfollowing by the formation of the dynamically dissociated, incommensuratelymodulated i-Fmmm phase, and the truly monatomic Immm phase at higher pressures.

Structural evolution of iodine on approach to the monatomic state