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A solution to energy-efficient magnetization switching in a nanoparticle withbiaxial anisotropy is presented. Optimal control paths minimizing the energycost of magnetization reversal are calculated numerically as functions of theswitching time and materials properties, and used to derive energy-efficientswitching pulses of external magnetic field. Hard-axis anisotropy reduces theminimum energy cost of magnetization switching due to the internal torque inthe desired switching direction. Analytical estimates quantifying this effectare obtained based on the perturbation theory. The optimal switching timeproviding a tradeoff between fast switching and energy efficiency is obtained.The energy cost of switching and the energy barrier between the stable statescan be controlled independently in a biaxial nanomagnet. This provides asolution to the dilemma between energy-efficient writability and good thermalstability of magnetic memory elements.

Reduction of energy cost of magnetization switching in a biaxial nanoparticle by use of internal dynamics