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A semiempirical theory for the excitation and subsequent relaxation ofnonthermal electrons is described. The theory, which is applicable toultrafast-laser excited metals, is based on the Boltzmann transport equationfor the carrier distribution function $f(\epsilon,t)$ and includeselectron-phonon, electron-electron, and electron-photon scattering integrals informs that explicitly depend on the electronic density of states.Electron-phonon coupling is treated by extending the theory of Allen [Phys.Rev. Lett. 59, 1460 (1987)] to include highly-excited nonthermal electrondistributions, and is used to determine the energy transfer rate between anonthermal electron subsystem and a thermal phonon subsystem. Electron-electronscattering is treated with a simple energy-conserving electron-electronscattering integral. The electron-photon integral assumes photon absorption isphonon assisted. We apply the theory to analyze prior ultrafast thermionicemission, two-color photoemission, and electronic inelastic light (Raman)scattering experiments on Au. These analyses show that getting the details of$f(\epsilon,t)$ is necessary for proper interpretation of each experiment.Together, the photoemission and Raman-scattering analyses indicate an electronexcited 1 eV above the Fermi level has an electron-electron scattering time inthe range of 25 to 55 fs.

Excitation and Relaxation of Nonthermal Electron Energy Distributions in Metals with Application to Gold