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The low-temperature spin dynamics of the orthorhombic TbFeO$_3$ perovskitehas been studied. It has been found that the inelastic neutron scattering (INS)spectrum contains two modes corresponding to different sublattices in thecompound. The iron subsystem orders antiferromagnetically at T$_N$ = 632 K andexhibits the high-energy magnon dispersion. Magnetic dynamics of this subsystemhas been described using the linear spin wave theory and our solution yieldssizable anisotropy between in-plane and out-of-plane exchange interactions.This approach was previously used to describe the magnon dispersion in theTmFeO$_3$ compound. Three non-dispersive crystal electric field levelscorresponding to Tb$^{3+}$ ions have been established in the region below 40meV at about 17, 26, and 35 meV. Study of diffuse scattering at differenttemperatures has elucidated the behavior of the magnetic correlation length.The behavior of the Tb$^{3+}$ ion subsystem has been numerically described inthe framework of the point charge model. The numerical data agreesatisfactorily with the experiment and with the general concept of thesingle-ion approximation applied to the rare-earth subsystem of orthorhombicperovskites.

Spin dynamics and exchange interaction in orthoferrite TbFeO$_3$ with non-Kramers rare-earth ion