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The electronic structure of the ferromagnetic semiconductor EuO isinvestigated by means of spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(spin-ARPES) and density functional theory. EuO exhibits unique properties ofhosting both weakly-dispersive nearly fully polarized Eu $4f$ bands, as well asO $2p$ levels indirectly exchange-split by the interaction with Eu nearestneighbors. Our temperature-dependent spin-ARPES data directly demonstrates theexchange splitting in O $2p$ and its vanishing at the Curie temperature. Ourcalculations with a Hubbard $U$ term reveal a complex nature of the localexchange splitting on the oxygen site and in conduction bands. We discuss themechanisms of the indirect exchange in the O 2p levels by analyzingorbital-resolved band characters in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases.The directional effects due to spin-orbit coupling are predicted theoreticallyto be significant in particular in the Eu 4f band manifold. The analysis of theshape of spin-resolved spectra in the Eu $4f$ spectral region revealssignatures of hybridization with O $2p$, in agreement with the theoreticalpredictions. We also analyze spectral changes in the spin-integrated spectrathroughout the Curie temperature and demonstrate they derive from both themagnetic phase transition and effects due to sample aging, unavoidable for thishighly reactive material.

Temperature-dependent spin-resolved electronic structure of EuO thin films