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The proposed topological Kondo insulator SmB$_{6}$ hosts a bulk Kondohybridization gap that stems from strong electronic correlations and a metallicsurface state whose effective mass remains disputed. Thermopower and scanningtunneling spectroscopy measurements argue for heavy surface states that alsostem from strong correlations, whereas quantum oscillation and angle-resolvedphotoemission measurements reveal light effective masses that would beconsistent with a Kondo breakdown scenario at the surface. Here we investigatethe evolution of the surface state via electrical and thermoelectric transportmeasurements under hydrostatic pressure, a clean symmetry-preserving tuningparameter that suppresses the Kondo gap and increases the valence of Sm from2.6+ towards a 3+ magnetic metallic state. Electrical resistivity measurementsreveal that the surface carrier density increases with increasing pressure,whereas thermopower measurements show an unchanged Fermi energy under pressure.As a result, the effective mass of the surface state charge carriers linearlyincreases with pressure as the Sm valence approaches 3+. Our results areconsistent with the presence of correlation-driven surface states in SmB$_{6}$and suggest that the surface Kondo effect persists under pressure to 2 GPa.

Persistence of correlation-driven surface states in SmB6 under pressure