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Molecular chirality detection and enantiomer discrimination are veryimportant issues for many areas of science and technology, prompting intensiveinvestigations via optical methods. However, these methods are hindered by theintrinsically weak nature of chiro-optical signals. Here, we investigate anddemonstrate the potential of gain materials and of combined gain-loss media toenhance these signals. Specifically, we show that the proper combination of athin chiral layer with a gain-loss bilayer can lead to large enhancements ofboth the circular dichroism (CD) response and the dissymmetry factor, g,compared to the chiral layer alone. The most pronounced enhancements areobtained in the case of a Parity-Time (PT) symmetric gain-loss bilayer, whiledeviations from the exact PT symmetry lead to only moderate deterioration ofthe CD and g response, demonstrating also the possibility of tuning the systemresponse by tuning the gain layer properties. In the case of PT-symmetricgain-loss bilayers we found that the largest CD enhancement is obtained at thesystem lasing threshold, while the g-enhancements at the anisotropictransmission resonances of the systems. Our results clearly demonstrate thepotential of gain materials in chirality detection. Moreover, ourgain-involving approach can be applied in conjunction with most of thenanophotonics/nanostructures-based approaches that have been already proposedfor chirality sensing, further enhancing the performance/output of bothapproaches.

Chirality sensing employing PT-symmetric and other resonant gain-loss optical systems