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For orthorhombic superconductors we define thermodynamic anisotropy $N \equivd T_c/d \epsilon_{22} - dT_c/d \epsilon_{11}$ as the difference in howsuperconducting $T_c$ varies with strains $\epsilon_{ii}$, $i=(1, 2)$, alongthe in-plane directions. We study the hole doping ($p$) dependence of $N$ ondetwinned single crystals of underdoped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ (YBCO) usingultrasound technique. While the structural orthorhombicity of YBCO reducesmonotonically with decreasing doping over $0.065 <p<0.16$, we find that thethermodynamic anisotropy shows an intriguing enhancement at intermediate dopinglevel, which is of electronic origin. Our theoretical analysis shows that theenhancement of the electronic anisotropy can be related to the pseudogappotential in the electronic specturm that itself increases when the Mottinsulating state is approached. Our results imply that the pseudogap iscontrolled by a local energy scale that can be tuned by varying the nearestneighbor Cu-Cu bond length. Our work opens the possibility to strain engineerthe pseudogap potential to enhance the superconducting \Tc.

Effect of pseudogap on electronic anisotropy in the strain dependence of the superconducting $T_c$ of underdoped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$