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Quantum simulation experiments have started to explore regimes that are notaccessible with exact numerical methods. In order to probe these systems andenable new physical insights, the need for measurement protocols arises thatcan bridge the gap to solid state experiments, and at the same time makeoptimal use of the capabilities of quantum simulation experiments. Here wepropose applying time-dependent photo-emission spectroscopy, an establishedtool in solid state systems, in cold atom quantum simulators. Concretely, wesuggest combining the method with large magnetic field gradients, unattainablein experiments on real materials, to drive Bloch oscillations of spinons, theemergent quasiparticles of spin liquids. We show in exact diagonalizationsimulations of the one-dimensional $t-J$ model that the spinons start topopulate previously unoccupied states in an effective band structure, thusallowing to visualize states invisible in the equilibrium spectrum. Thedependence of the spectral function on the time after the pump pulse revealscollective interactions among spinons. In numerical simulations of smalltwo-dimensional systems, spectral weight appears at the ground state energy atmomentum $\mathbf{q} = (\pi,\pi)$, where the equilibrium spectral response isstrongly suppressed up to higher energies, indicating a possible route towardssolving the mystery of the Fermi arcs in the cuprate materials.

Visualizing spinon Fermi surfaces with time-dependent spectroscopy