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Nematic phase transitions in high-temperature superconductors have a strongimpact on the electronic properties of these systems. BaFe$_2$As$_2$,\@ with anestablished nematic transition around 137 K induced by magnetic fluctuations,and BaNi$_2$As$_2$,\@ a non-magnetic analog of BaFe$_2$As$_2$ with a structuraltransition in the same temperature range,\@ share a common tetragonalaristotype crystal structure with space-group type $I4/mmm$.\@ In contrast toBaFe$_2$As$_2$ where collinear stripe magnetic order is found for theorthorhombic low-$T$ phase, a unidirectional charge density wave together with(distorted) zig-zag chains are observed for the triclinic low-$T$ phase ofBaNi$_2$As$_2$.\@ Here we show that between the high- and low-$T$ phases ofBa(Ni,Co)$_2$(As,P)$_2$ an additional phase with broken fourfold symmetry and$d_{xz}$ orbital order exists which is a promising candidate forcharge/orbital-fluctuation-induced nematicity. Moreover, our data suggest thatthe enhanced $T_{\rm c}$ found for Ba(Ni,Co)$_2$(As,P)$_2$ for higher Co or Psubstitution levels might result from suppression of the (distorted) zig-zagchains by reducing the contribution of the $d_{xy}$ orbitals.

physical review. b./physical review. b

Rotational symmetry breaking at the incommensurate charge-density-wave  transition in Ba(Ni,Co)$_2$(As,P)$_2$: Possible nematic phase induced by  charge/orbital fluctuations