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Amorphous dielectric materials have been known to host two-level systems(TLSs) for more than four decades. Recent developments on superconductingresonators and qubits enable detailed studies on the physics of TLSs. Inparticular, measuring the loss of a device over long time periods (a few days)allows us to investigate stochastic fluctuations due to the interaction betweenTLSs. We measure the energy relaxation time of a frequency-tunable planarsuperconducting qubit over time and frequency. The experiments show a varietyof stochastic patterns that we are able to explain by means of extensivesimulations. The model used in our simulations assumes a qubit interacting withhigh-frequency TLSs, which, in turn, interact with thermally activatedlow-frequency TLSs. Our simulations match the experiments and suggest thedensity of low-frequency TLSs is about three orders of magnitude larger thanthat of high-frequency ones.

Interacting Defects Generate Stochastic Fluctuations in Superconducting Qubits