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We report the structural and magnetic ground state properties of themonoclinic compound barium iridium oxide Ba$_4$Ir$_3$O$_{10}$ using acombination of resonant x-ray scattering, magnetometry, and thermodynamictechniques. Magnetic susceptibility exhibits a pronounced antiferromagnetictransition at $T_{\text{N}}$ $\approx$ 25K, a weaker anomaly at $T_{\text{S}}$$\approx$ 142K, and strong magnetic anisotropy at all temperatures. Resonantelastic x-ray scattering experiments reveal a second order structural phasetransition at $T_{\text{S}}$ and a magnetic transition at $T_{\text{N}}$. Bothstructural and magnetic superlattice peaks are observed at $L$ = half integervalues. The magnetization anomaly at $T_{\text{S}}$ implies the presence ofmagneto-elastic coupling, which conceivably facilitates the symmetry lowering.Mean field critical scattering is observed above $T_{\text{S}}$. The magneticstructure of the antiferromagnetic ground state is discussed based on themeasured magnetic superlattice peak intensity. Our study not only presentsessential information for understanding the intertwined structural and magneticproperties in Ba$_4$Ir$_3$O$_{10}$, but also highlights the necessaryingredients for exploring novel ground states with octahedra trimers.

Structural and Magnetic Transitions in the Planar Antiferromagnet Ba$_4$Ir$_3$O$_{10}$