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The ripplocation is a crystallographic defect which is unique to layeredmaterials, combining nanoscale delamination with the crystallographic slip of abasal dislocation. Here, we have studied basal dislocations and ripplocations,in single and multiple van der Waals layers, using analytical and computationaltechniques. Expressions for the energetic and structural scaling factors ofsurface ripplocations are derived, which are in close correspondence to thephysics of a classical carpet ruck. Our simulations demonstrate that thelowest-energy structure of dislocation pile-ups in layered materials is theripplocation, while large dislocation pile-ups in bulk graphite demonstratemultilayer delamination, curvature and voids. This can provide a conciseexplanation for the large volumetric expansion seen in irradiated graphite.

Ripplocations in Layered Materials: Sublinear Scaling and Basal Climb