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Measuring local temperatures of open systems out of equilibrium is emergingas a novel approach to study the local thermodynamic properties of nanosystems.An operational protocol has been proposed to determine the local temperature bycoupling a probe to the system and then minimizing the perturbation to acertain local observable of the probed system. In this paper, we first showthat such a local temperature is unique for a single quantum impurity and thegiven local observable. We then extend this protocol to open systems consistingof multiple quantum impurities by proposing a local minimal perturbationcondition (LMPC). The influence of quantum resonances on the local temperatureis elucidated by both analytic and numerical results. In particular, wedemonstrate that quantum resonances may give rise to strong oscillations of thelocal temperature along a multiimpurity chain under a thermal bias.

Effect of quantum resonances on local temperature in nonequilibrium open systems