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We report a microscopic electronic mechanism for nanoscale skyrmion formationand topological metalicity. The mechanism, which relies on combining theclassic double-exchange (DE) physics with the Rashba spin orbit coupling (SOC),not only provides an accurate understanding of existence of skyrmions but alsoexplains key features in small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and Lorentztransmission electron microscopy (LTEM) data on thin films of a variety ofmagnetic metals. The skyrmion states are characterized as disorderedtopological metals via explicit calculations of Bott index and Hallconductivity. Local density of states (LDOS) display characteristicoscillations that are shown to be arising from a combination of confinementeffect and gauge-field induced Landau level physics. The presence ofoscillations in LDOS, without external magnetic flux, is a direct consequenceof the Rashba-Zener (RZ) mechanism. The results are based on hybrid simulationson a model that explicitly retains itinerant electronic degrees of freedom. Asimple physical picture is provided via an effective short-range spin modelwith coupling constants that depend on electronic kinetic energy. The mechanismreported here not only opens up a new approach to understand skyrmion formationin metals, but also provides a guiding principle for discovering exotictopological metal states.

Rashba-Zener mechanism for nanoscale skyrmions and topological metals