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We investigate the low temperature structural and physical properties of thetrilayer nickelates R4Ni3O10 (R = La, Pr and Nd) using resistivity,thermopower, thermal conductivity, specific heat, high-resolution synchrotronpowder X-ray diffraction and thermal expansion experiments. We show that allthree compounds crystallize with a monoclinic symmetry, and undergo ametal-to-metal (MMT) transition at 135 K (La), 156 K (Pr) and 160 K (Nd). AtMMT, the lattice parameters show distinct anomalies; however, without anylowering of the lattice symmetry. Unambiguous signatures of MMT are also seenin magnetic and thermal measurements, which suggest a strong coupling betweenthe electronic, magnetic and structural degrees of freedom in these nickelates.Analysis of thermal expansion yields hydrostatic pressure dependence of MMT inclose agreement with experiments. We show that the 9-fold coordinated Pr ionsin the rocksalt (RS) layers have a crystal field (CF) split doublet groundstate with possible antiferromagnetic ordering at 5 K. The Pr ions located inthe perovskite block (PB) layers with 12-fold coordination, however, exhibit anon-magnetic singlet ground state. The CF ground state of Nd in both RS and PBlayers is a Kramers doublet. Heat capacity of R = Nd shows a Schottky-likeanomaly near35 K, and an upturn below T = 10 K suggesting the presence ofshort-range correlations between the Nd moments. However, no signs oflong-range ordering could be found down to 2 K despite a sizeable theta_p ~ -40K. The strongly suppressed magnetic long-range ordering in both R = Pr and Ndsuggests the presence of strong magnetic frustration in these compounds. Thelow-temperature resistivity shows a T^0.5 dependence. No evidence for the heavyfermion behavior could be found in any of the three compounds.

Structural and physical properties of trilayer nickelates $R_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$ ($R =$ La, Pr and Nd)