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$\rm Sr_2IrO_4$ is an archetypal spin-orbit-coupled Mott insulator and hasbeen extensively studied in part because of a wide range of predicted novelstates. Limited experimental characterization of these states thus far bringsto light the extraordinary susceptibility of the physical properties to thelattice, particularly, the Ir-O-Ir bond angle. Here, we report a newly observedmicroscopic rotation of the IrO$_6$ octahedra below 50~K measured by singlecrystal neutron diffraction. This sharp lattice anomaly provides keys tounderstanding the anomalous low-temperature physics and a direct confirmationof a crucial role that the Ir-O-Ir bond angle plays in determining the groundstate. Indeed, as also demonstrated in this study, applied electric currentreadily weakens the antiferromagnetic order via the straightening of theIr-O-Ir bond angle, highlighting that even slight change in the local structurecan disproportionately affect the physical properties in the spin-orbit-coupledsystem.

Pseudospin-lattice coupling and electric control of the square-lattice iridate Sr2IrO4