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We demonstrate that a dynamical modification of the Hubbard U in the modelcharge-transfer insulator NiO can be observed with state-of-the-arttime-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Using a self-consistent time-dependentdensity functional theory plus U computational framework, we show that thedynamical modulation of screening and Hubbard U significantly changes thetransient optical spectroscopy. Whereas we find the well-known dynamicalFranz-Keldysh effect when the U is frozen, we observe a dynamical band-gaprenormalization for dynamical U. The renormalization of the optical gap isfound to be smaller than the renormalization of U. This work opens up thepossibility of driving a light-induced transition from a charge-transfer into aMott insulator phase.

Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of the Charge-Transfer Insulator NiO: Beyond the Dynamical Franz-Keldysh Effect