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Mechanism of superconductivity (SC) in a purely interacting electron systemhas been one of the most challenging issues in condensed matter physics. In theBCS theory, the Landau's Fermi liquid is a normal state against which an SCinstability occurs once an \emph{additional} pairing force is added. We showthat in the doped Mott insulator an \emph{intrinsic} SC ground state(specifically a Luther-Emery state in a finite-doping two-leg $t$-$J$ ladder)can be directly turned into a Fermi-gas-like state by merely switching off thehidden statistical sign structure via two schemes. It points to a new pairingparadigm, %beyond the resonating-valence-bond scheme, which is an"Amperean-like pairing" with a "stringlike" pairing force as shown by anadiabatic continuity to a strong anisotropic limit of the model.

Critical role of the sign structure in the doped Mott insulator: Superconductivity vs. Fermi liquid