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The ground state phase diagram is obtained for an antiferromagnetic spin-1anisotropic biquadratic model. With the help of symmetry and dualitytransformations, three symmetry-protected trivial phases and one dimerizedsymmetry breaking phase are found. Local and nonlocal order parameters areidentified to characterize these phases. Quantum phase transitions between thesymmetry-protected trivial phases belong to the Gaussian universality classwith central charge c = 1, and quantum phase transitions from thesymmetry-protected trivial phases to the dimerized phase belong to the Isinguniversality class with central charge c = 1/2. In addition, the model admitsthree characteristic lines of factorized ground states, which are located inthe symmetry-protected trivial phases instead of a symmetry breaking phase, insharp contrast to other known cases.

Symmetry-protected trivial phases and quantum phase transitions in an anisotropic antiferromagnetic spin-1 biquadratic model