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Electrical manipulation of magnetism via spin-orbit torques (SOTs) promisesefficient spintronic devices. In systems comprising magnetic insulators andheavy metals, SOTs have started to be investigated only recently, especially insystems with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI). Here, wequantitatively study the SOT efficiency and iDMI in a series of gadoliniumgallium garnet (GGG) / thulium iron garnet (TmIG) / platinum (Pt)heterostructures with varying TmIG and Pt thicknesses. We find that thenon-monotonic SOT efficiency as a function of the magnetic layer thickness isnot consistent with the 1/thickness dependence expected from a simpleinterfacial SOT mechanism. Moreover, considering the insulating nature of TmIG,our results cannot be explained by the SOT mechanism established for metallicmagnets where the transverse charge spin current can inject and dephase in themagnetic layers. Rather we can explain this non-monotonic behavior by a modelbased on the interfacial spin mixing conductance that is affected by thethickness-dependent exchange splitting energy by determining the phasedifference of the reflected spin-up and spin-down electrons at the TmIG / Ptinterface. By studying the Pt thickness dependence, we find that the effectiveDMI for GGG / TmIG / Pt does not depend on the Pt thickness, which indicatesthat the GGG / TmIG interface is the source of the iDMI in this system. Ourwork demonstrates that SOT and DMI can originate from two different interfaces,which enables independent optimization of DMI and SOT for advanced chiralspintronics with low damping magnetic insulators.

physical review. b./physical review. b

Identifying the origin of the non-monotonic thickness dependence of  spin-orbit torques and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a  ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructure