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Here we report a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS)study in the superconducting state of 2H-NbS2. We directly visualize theexistence of incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) that is pinned by atomicimpurities. In strong tunneling conditions, the incommensurate CDW is de-pinnedfrom impurities by the electric field from STM tip. We perform STM-basedinelastic tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) to detect phonon excitations in 2H-NbS2and measure the influence of atomic impurities on local phonon excitations. Incomparison with the calculated vibrational density of states in 2H-NbS2, wefind two branches of phonon excitations which correspond to the vibrations ofNb ions and S ions, and the strength of the local phonon excitations isinsensitive to the atomic impurities. Our results demonstrate the coexistenceof incommensurate CDW and superconductivity in 2H-NbS2, and open the way ofdetecting atomic-scale phonon excitations in transition metal dichalcogenideswith STM-based IETS.

Impurity-pinned incommensurate charge density wave and local phonon excitations in 2H-NbS2