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Semiconductor quantum dots in photonic cavities are strongly coupledlight-matter systems with prospective applications in optoelectronic devicesand quantum information processing. Here we present a theoretical study of thecoupled exciton--light field dynamics of a planar quantum dot ensemble, treatedas two-level systems, embedded in a photonic cavity modeled by Maxwell'sequations. When excited by coupling an external short laser pulse into thecavity, we find an exciton-polariton-like behavior for weak excitation and Rabioscillations for strong excitation with a sharp transition between theseregimes. In the transition region we find highly non-linear dynamics involvinghigh harmonics of the fundamental oscillation. We perform a numerical studybased on the Finite-Difference-Time-Domain method for the solution of Maxwell'sequations coupled to Bloch equations for the quantum dots and also derive ananalytical model to describe the coupled cavity-quantum dot system, whichallows us to describe the light field dynamics in terms of a Newton-likedynamics in an effective anharmonic potential. From the shape of this potentialcombined with the initial conditions the transition can be well understood. Themodel is then extended to a broadened ensemble of quantum dots. For weakexcitation the polariton spectrum broadens and the lines slightly shift,however, the sharp transition to the Rabi oscillation regime is still present.Furthermore, we find a second, lower threshold with additional lines in thespectra which can be traced back to Rabi oscillations driven by the polaritonmodes. Our approach provides new insights in the dynamics of both quantum dotand light field in the photonic structure.

Semiclassical modeling of coupled quantum dot-cavity systems: From polariton-like dynamics to Rabi oscillations