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Coulomb interaction is of central importance in localized energy levels(bound states) or electronic flat bands and could result in many exotic quantumphases, such as magnetic, superconducting, and topological phases in graphenesystems1-14. In graphene monolayer, the relativistic massless Dirac fermionnature of the charge carriers enables us to realize unprecedented quasiboundstates, which are trapped temporarily via whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) withthe lifetime (trapping time) of ~ 10 fs, in circular graphene quantum dots(GQDs)15-20. Here we show that Coulomb interaction still plays a dominatingrole in determining the electronic properties of the temporarily-confinedquasibound states. Our scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy(STS) measurements demonstrate that the discrete quasibound state in a GQD willsplit into two peaks when it is partially filled. The energy separation of thetwo split peaks increases linear with inverse effective radius of the GQDs,indicating that the splitting arises from the Coulomb interaction. Moreover, weshow that the real space distribution of the two split states separates indifferent regions of the GQD to reduce the Coulomb interaction, leading to thebreaking of the WGM of the quasibound states.

Breaking whispering-gallery modes of massless Dirac fermions in graphene quantum dots by Coulomb interaction