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Upon the excitation by an ultrashort laser pulse the conditions in a materialcan drastically change, altering its optical properties and therefore therelative amount of absorbed energy, a quan- tity relevant for determining thedamage threshold and for developing a detailed simulation of a structuringprocess. The subject of interest in this work is the d-band metal gold whichhas an absorption edge marking the transition of free valence electrons and anabsorbing deep d-band with bound electrons. Reflectivity changes are observedin experiment over a broad spectral range at ablation conditions. To understandthe involved processes the laser excitation is modeled by a com- bination offirst principle calculations with a two-temperature model. The description iskept most general and applied to realistically simulate the transfer of theabsorbed energy of a Gaussian laser pulse into the electronic system at everypoint in space at every instance of time. An electronic temperature-dependentreflectivity map is calculated, describing the out of equilibrium reflectivityduring laser excitation for photon energies from 0.9 - 6.4 eV, including inter-and intra-band transi- tions and a temperature-dependent damping factor. Themain mechanisms are identified explaining the electronic temperature-dependentchange in reflectivity: broadening of the edge of the occu- pied/unoccupiedstates around the chemical potential $\mu$, also leading to a shift of the$\mu$ and an increase of the collision rate of free s/p-band electrons withbound d-band holes.

Wavelength-dependent reflectivity changes on gold at elevated electronic temperatures