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Ni-Mn based ternary Heusler compounds have drawn attentions lately assignificant magneto-caloric effects in some of them have been observed.Substitution of Ni and Mn by other $3d$ transition metals in controlledquantity have turned out to be successful in enhancing the effect and bring theoperational temperatures closer to the room temperature. Using densityfunctional theory calculations, in this work, we have systematically exploredthe roles of various factors such as site occupancies, magnetic interactions,and compositions associated with the constituents of Mn-excess Ni$_{2}$MnSbHeusler compounds upon substitution of Ni and/or Mn by $3d$ transition metalsFe, Co and Cu. Our calculations unveiled the physics behind the variations ofphysical properties associated with the magneto-caloric effects, and thusinterpreted the available experimental results successfully. The work alsoprovided important information on the compounds and the composition rangeswhere significant magneto-caloric effects may be realised and furtherexperimental investigations need to be done.

physical review. b./physical review. b

Understanding the origin of the magneto-caloric effects in  substitutional Ni-Mn-Sb-Z (Z=Fe, Co, Cu) compounds: insights from  first-principles calculations