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Simultaneous control of structural and physical properties via appliedelectrical current poses a key, new research topic and technologicalsignificance. Studying the spin-orbit-coupled antiferromagnet Ca2RuO4, with 3%Mn doping to weaken the violent first-order transition at 357 K for more robustmeasurements, we find that a small applied electrical current couples to thelattice by significantly reducing its orthorhombicity and octahedral rotations,concurrently diminishing the 125 K- antiferromagnetic transition and inducing anew, orbital order below 80 K. Our effort to establish a phase diagram revealsa critical regime near a current density of 0.15 A/cm2 that separates thevanishing antiferromagnetic order and the new orbital order. Further increasingcurrent density (> 1 A/cm2) enhances competitions between relevant interactionsin a metastable manner, leading to a peculiar glassy behavior above 80 K. Thecoupling between the lattice and nonequilibrium driven current is interpretedtheoretically in terms of t2g orbital occupancies. The current-controlledlattice is the driving force of the observed novel phenomena.

Nonequilibrium Orbital Transitions via Applied Electrical Current in Calcium Ruthenate