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With dc magnetisation and polarized neutron reflectometry we studied theferromagnetic response of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$/La$_{2/3}$Ca$_{1/3}$MnO$_3$(YBCO/LCMO) multilayers that are grown with pulsed laser deposition. We foundthat whereas for certain growth conditions (denoted as A-type) theferromagnetic moment of the LCMO layer is strongly dependent on the structuraldetails of the YBCO layer on which it is deposited, for others (B-type) theferromagnetism of LCMO is much more robust. Both kinds of multilayers are ofsimilar structural quality, but electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS)studies with a scanning transmission electron microscope reveal an enhancedaverage Mn oxidation state of +3.5 for the A-type as opposed to the B-typesamples for which it is close to the nominal value of +3.33. The related,additional hole doping of the A-type LCMO layers, which likely originates fromLa and/or Mn vacancies, can explain their fragile ferromagnetic order since itplaces them close to the boundary of the ferromagnetic order at which even weakperturbations can induce an antiferromagnetic or glassy state. On the otherhand, we show that the B-type samples allow one to obtain YBCO/LCMOheterostructures with very thick YBCO layers and, yet, strongly ferromagneticLCMO layers.

Controlling the strength of ferromagnetic order in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$/La$_{2/3}$Ca$_{1/3}$MnO$_3$ multilayers