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The recent development of all-electrical electron spin resonance (ESR) in ascanning tunneling microscope (STM) setup has opened the door to vastapplications. Despite the fast growing number of experimental works on STM-ESR,the fundamental principles remains unclear. By using a cotunneling picture, weshow that the spin resonance signal can be explained as a time-dependentvariation of the tunnel barrier induced by the alternating electric drivingfield. We demonstrate how this variation translates into the resonant frequencyresponse of the direct current. Our cotunneling theory explains the mainexperimental findings. Namely, the linear dependence of the Rabi flop rate withthe alternating bias amplitude, the absence of resonant response forspin-unpolarized currents, and the weak dependence on the actual atomicspecies.

A cotunneling mechanism for all-electrical Electron Spin Resonance of single adsorbed atoms