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Biosensing with ferromagnet-based magnetoresistive devices has been dominatedby electrical detection of particle-induced changes to the devices' staticmagnetic configuration. There are however potential advantages to be gainedfrom using field dependent, high frequency magnetization dynamics for magneticparticle detection. Here we demonstrate the use of nano-confined ferromagneticresonances in periodically patterned magnetic films for the detection ofadsorbed magnetic particles with diameters ranging from 6 nm to 4 $\mu$m. Thenanopatterned films contain arrays of holes which can act as preferentialadsorption sites for small particles. Hole-localized particles act in unison toshift the resonant frequencies of the various modes of the patterned layer withshift polarities determined by the localization of each mode within thenanopattern's repeating unit cell. The same polarity shifts are observed for alarge range of coverages, even when hole-localized particles are covered byquasi-continuous particle sheets. For large particles however, preferentialadsorption no longer occurs, leading to resonance shifts with polarities whichare independent of the mode localization. Analogous shifts are seen incontinuous layers where, for small particles, the shift of the layer'sfundamental mode is typically about 10 times less than in patterned systems andinduced by relatively weak fields emanating beyond the particle in thedirection of the static applied field. This highlights the importance of havingconfined modes consistently positioned with respect to nearby particles.

Resonance-based Detection of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Microbeads Using Nanopatterned Ferromagnets