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The performance of photoinjectors is limited by the lowest value of the mean transverse energy of the electrons obtained from photocathodes. The factors that influence the mean transverse energy are poorly understood. In this paper we develop models to calculate the effect of spatial work function variations and sub nanometer scale roughness and surface defects on the mean transverse energy. We show that these can limit the lowest value of MTE achieved and that atomically perfect surfaces will be required to further reduce the mean transverse energy obtained from photocathodes. ∗ ssk226@cornell.edu

Effects of Surface Nonuniformities on the Mean Transverse Energy from Photocathodes