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Inelastic electron tunneling provides a low-energy pathway for the excitationof surface plasmons and light emission. We theoretically investigate tunneljunctions based on metals and graphene. We show that graphene is potentially ahighly efficient material for tunneling excitation of plasmons because of itsnarrow plasmon linewidths, strong emission, and large tunability in themidinfrared wavelength regime. Compared to gold and silver, the enhancement canbe up to 10 times for similar wavelengths and up to 5 orders at theirrespective plasmon operating wavelengths. Tunneling excitation of grapheneplasmons promises an efficient technology for on-chip electrical generation andmanipulation of plasmons for graphene-based optoelectronics and nanophotonicintegrated circuits.

Highly Efficient Midinfrared On-Chip Electrical Generation of Graphene Plasmons by Inelastic Electron Tunneling Excitation