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A quantum state transformation can be generally approximated by single- andtwo-qubit gates. This, however, does not hold with noisy intermediate-scalequantum technologies due to the errors appearing in the gate operations, whereerrors of two-qubit gates such as controlled-NOT and SWAP operations aredominated. In this work, we present a cost efficient single-copy certificationfor a realization of a two-qubit gate in the presence of depolarization noise,where it is aimed to identify if the realization is noise-free, or not. It isshown that entangled resources such as entangled states and a joint measurementare not necessary for the purpose, i.e., a noise-free two-qubit gate is notneeded to certify an implementation of a two-qubit gate. A proof-of-principledemonstration is presented with photonic qubits.

Single-Copy Certification of Two-Qubit Gates without Entanglement