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As society paves its way towards device miniaturization and precisionmedicine, micro-scale actuation and guided transport become increasinglyprominent research fields with high impact in both technological and clinicalcontexts. In order to accomplish directed motion of micron-sized objectstowards specific target sites, active biohybrid transport systems, such asmotile living cells that act as smart biochemically-powered micro-carriers,have been suggested as an alternative to synthetic micro-robots. Inspired bythe motility of leukocytes, we propose the amoeboid crawling of eukaryoticcells as a promising mechanism for transport of micron-sized cargoes andpresent an in-depth study of this novel type of composite active matter. Itstransport properties result from the interactions of an active element (cell)and a passive one (cargo) and reveal an optimal cargo size that enhances thelocomotion of the load-carrying cells, even exceeding their motility in theabsence of cargo. The experimental findings are rationalized in terms of abiohybrid active matter theory that explains the emergent cell-cargo dynamicsand enables us to derive the long-time transport properties of amoeboidmicro-carries. As amoeboid locomotion is commonly observed for mammalian cellssuch as leukocytes, our results lay the foundations for the study of transportperformance of other medically relevant cell types and for extending ourfindings to more advanced transport tasks in complex environments, such astissues.

Biohybrid active matter -- the emergent properties of cell-mediated microtransport