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In many applications, the ability to measure the vector information of amagnetic field with high spatial resolution and low cost is essential, but itis still a challenge for existing magnetometers composed of multiple sensors.Here, we report a single-device based vector magnetometer, which is enabled byspin-orbit torque, capable of measuring a vector magnetic field using theharmonic Hall resistances of a superparamagnetic ferromagnet (FM)/heavy metal(HM) bilayer. Under an ac driving current, the first and second harmonic Hallresistances of the FM/HM bilayer show a linear relationship with the verticaland longitudinal component (along the current direction) of the magnetic field,respectively. By employing a L-shaped Hall device with two orthogonal arms, wecan measure all the three field components simultaneously, so as to detect boththe amplitude and direction of magnetic field in a three-dimensional space. Asproof of concepts, we demonstrate both angular position sensing on the threecoordinate planes and vector mapping of magnetic field generated by a permanentmagnet, both of which are in good agreement with the simulation results.Crosstalk between vertical and longitudinal field components at large field isdiscussed using theoretical models.

A vector magnetometer based on a single spin-orbit torque anomalous Hall device