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A natural choice for quantum communication is to use the relative phasebetween two paths of a single-photon for information encoding. This method wasnevertheless quickly identified as impractical over long distances and thus amodification based on single-photon time-bins has then become widely adopted.It however, introduces a fundamental loss, which increases with the dimensionand that limits its application over long distances. Here, we are able to solvethis long-standing hurdle by employing a few-mode fiber space-divisionmultiplexing platform working with orbital angular momentum modes. In ourscheme, we maintain the practicability provided by the time-bin scheme, whilethe quantum states are transmitted through a few-mode fiber in a configurationthat does not introduce post-selection losses. We experimentally demonstrateour proposal by successfully transmitting phase-encoded single-photon statesfor quantum cryptography over 500 m of few-mode fiber, showing the feasibilityof our scheme.

Few-mode-fiber technology fine-tunes losses of quantum communication systems