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Previous demonstrations of free-space quantum communication in daylight havebeen touted as significant for the development of global-scale quantumnetworks. Until now, no one has carefully tuned their atmospheric channel toreproduce the daytime sky radiance and slant-path turbulence conditions as theyexist between space and Earth. In this article we report a quantumcommunication field experiment under conditions representative of daytimedownlinks from space. Higher-order adaptive optics increased quantum channelefficiencies far beyond those possible with tip/tilt correction alone whilespatial filtering at the diffraction limit rejected optical noise without theneed for an ultra-narrow spectral filter. High signal-to-noise probabilitiesand low quantum-bit-error rates were demonstrated over a wide range of channelradiances and turbulence conditions associated with slant-path propagation indaytime. The benefits to satellite-based quantum key distribution arequantified and discussed.

Adaptive-optics-enabled quantum communication: A technique for daytime space-to-Earth links