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Fundamental understanding of interfacial magnetic properties in ferromagneticheterostructures is essential to utilize ferromagnetic materials for spintronicdevice applications. In this paper, we investigate the interfacial magnetic andelectronic structures of epitaxial single-crystalline LaAlO$_3$(LAO)/La$_{0.6}$Sr$_{0.4}$MnO$_3$ (LSMO)/Nb:SrTiO$_3$ (Nb:STO) heterostructureswith varying LSMO-layer thickness, in which the magnetic anisotropy stronglychanges depending on the LSMO thickness due to the delicate balance between thestrains originating from both the Nb:STO and LAO layers, using x-ray magneticcircular dichroism (XMCD) and photoemission spectroscopy (PES). We successfullydetect the clear change of the magnetic behavior of the Mn ions concomitantwith the thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition (MIT). Our resultssuggest that double-exchange interaction induces the ferromagnetism in themetallic LSMO film under tensile strain caused by the SrTiO$_3$ substrate,while superexchange interaction determines the magnetic behavior in theinsulating LSMO film under compressive strain originating from the top LAOlayer. Based on those findings, the formation of a magnetic dead layer near theLAO/LSMO interface is attributed to competition between the superexchangeinteraction via Mn 3$d_{3z^2-r^2}$ orbitals under compressive strain and thedouble-exchange interaction via the 3$d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbitals.

Alternation of Magnetic Anisotropy Accompanied by Metal-Insulator Transition in Strained Ultrathin Manganite Heterostructures