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We use three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) designed forfield-free switching by spin-orbit torques (SOTs) to systematically study theimpact of dual voltage pulses on the switching performances. We show that theconcurrent action of an SOT pulse and an MTJ bias pulse allows for reducing thecritical switching energy below the level typical of spin transfer torque whilepreserving the ability to switch the MTJ on the sub-ns time scale. Byperforming dc and real-time electrical measurements, we discriminate andquantify three effects arising from the MTJ bias: the voltage-controlled changeof the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, current-induced heating, and the spintransfer torque. The experimental results are supported by micromagneticmodeling. We observe that, depending on the pulse duration and the MTJdiameter, different effects take a lead in assisting the SOTs in themagnetization reversal process. Finally, we present a compact model that allowsfor evaluating the impact of each effect due to the MTJ bias on the criticalswitching parameters. Our results provide input to optimize the switching ofthree-terminal devices as a function of time, size, and material parameters.

physical review applied

Interplay of voltage control of magnetic anisotropy, spin transfer  torque, and heat in the spin-orbit torque switching in three-terminal  magnetic tunnel junctions