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Vector beams are inhomogeneously polarized optical fields with nonseparable,quantum-like correlations between their polarisation and spatial components,and hold tremendous promise for classical and quantum communication acrossvarious channels, e.g. the atmosphere, underwater, and in optical fibre. Herewe show that by exploiting their quantum-like features by virtue of thenonseparability of the field, the decay of both the polarisation and spatialcomponents can be studied in tandem. In particular, we invoke the principle ofchannel state duality to show that the degree of nonseparability of any vectormode is purely determined by that of a maximally nonseparable one, which weconfirm using orbital angular momentum (OAM) as an example for topologicalcharges of l = 1 and l = 10 in a turbulent atmosphere. A consequence is thatthe well-known cylindrical vector vortex beams are sufficient to predict thebehaviour of all vector OAM states through the channel, and find that the rateof decay in vector quality decreases with increasing OAM value, even though thespread in OAM is opposite, increasing with OAM. Our approach offers a fast andeasy probe of noisy channels, while at the same time revealing the power ofquantum tools applied to classical light.

Vector mode decay in atmospheric turbulence: a quantum inspired analysis