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Resonant radiofrequency cavities enable exquisite time-energy control ofelectron beams when synchronized with laser driven photoemission. We present alossless monochromator design that exploits this fine control in theone-electron-per-pulse regime. The theoretically achievable maximum beamcurrent on target is orders of magnitude greater than state-of-the-artmonochromators for the same spatial and energy resolution. This improvement isthe result of monochromating in the time domain, unconstrained by thetransverse brightness of the electron source. We show analytically and confirmnumerically that cavity parameters chosen to minimize energy spread perform theadditional function of undoing the appreciable effect of chromatic aberrationin the upstream optics. We argue that our design has significant applicationsin both ultra-fast and non-time-resolved microscopy, provided photoelectronsources of sufficiently small size and laser sources of sufficiently highrepetition rate. Our design achieves in simulations more than two orders ofmagnitude reduction in beam energy spread, down to single digit meV. Overcomingthe minimum probe-size limit that chromatic aberration imposes, our designclears a path for high-current, high-resolution electron beam applications atprimary energies from single to hundreds of keV.

Lossless monochromation for electron microscopy with pulsed photoemission sources and rf cavities