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Non-reciprocal propagation of sound, that is, the different transmission ofacoustic waves traveling along opposite directions, is a challengingrequirement for the realization of devices like acoustic isolators andcirculators. Here, we demonstrate the efficient non-reciprocal transmission ofsurface acoustic waves (SAWs) propagating along opposite directions of a GaAssubstrate coated with an epitaxial Fe$_3$Si film. The non-reciprocity arisesfrom the acoustic attenuation induced by the magneto-elastic (ME) interactionbetween the SAW strain field and spin waves in the ferromagnetic film, whichdepends on the SAW propagation direction and can be controlled via theamplitude and orientation of an external magnetic field. The acoustictransmission non-reciprocity, defined as the difference between the transmittedacoustic power for forward and backward propagation under ME resonance, reachesvalues of up to 20%, which are, to our knowledge, the largest non-reciprocityreported for SAWs traveling along a semiconducting piezoelectric substratecovered by a ferromagnetic film. The experimental results are well accountedfor by a model for ME interaction, which also shows that non-reciprocity can befurther enhanced by optimization of the sample design. These results makeFe$_3$Si/GaAs a promising platform for the realization of efficientnon-reciprocal SAW devices.

Large non-reciprocal propagation of surface acoustic waves in epitaxial ferromagnetic/semiconductor hybrid structures