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Antiferromagnets are outstanding candidates for the next generation ofspintronic applications, with great potential for downscaling and decreasingpower consumption. Recently, the manipulation of bulk properties ofantiferromagnets has been realized by several different approaches. However,the interfacial spin order of antiferromagnets is an important integral part ofspintronic devices, thus the successful control of interfacialantiferromagnetic spins is urgently desired. Here, we report the highcontrollability of interfacial spins in antiferromagnetic / ferromagnetic /heavy metal heterostructure devices using spin-orbit torque (SOT) assisted byperpendicular or longitudinal magnetic fields. Switching of the interfacialspins from one to another direction through multiple intermediate states isdemonstrated. The field-free SOT-induced switching of antiferromagneticinterfacial spins is also observed, which we attribute to the effectivebuilt-in out-of-plane field due to unequal upward and downward interfacial spinpopulations. Our work provides a precise way to modulate the interfacial spinsat an antiferromagnet / ferromagnet interface via SOT, which will greatlypromote innovative designs for next generation spintronic devices.

Tuning interfacial spins in antiferromagnetic / ferromagnetic / heavy metal heterostructures via spin-orbit torque