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We analyze the origin of the intrinsic timing jitter in superconductingnanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) in terms of fluctuations in thelatency of the detector response, which is determined by the microscopicphysics of the photon detection process. We demonstrate that fluctuations inthe physical parameters which determine the latency give rise to the intrinsictiming jitter. We develop a general description of latency by introducing theexplicit time dependence of the internal detection efficiency. By consideringthe dynamic Fano fluctuations together with static spatial inhomogeneities, westudy the details of the connection between latency and timing jitter. Wedevelop both a simple phenomenological model and a more general microscopicmodel of detector latency and timing jitter based on the solution of thegeneralized time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations for the 1D hotbeltgeometry. While the analytical model is sufficient for qualitativeinterpretation of recent data, the general approach establishes the frameworkfor a quantitative analysis of detector latency and the fundamental limits ofintrinsic timing jitter. These theoretical advances can be used to interpretthe results of recent experiments measuring the dependence of detection latencyand timing jitter on photon energy to the few-picosecond level.

Intrinsic timing jitter and latency in superconducting single photon nanowire detectors